Background and Aim: Consumption of the epidermis (COE) is defined as thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of the basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges in areas of direct contact with malignant melanocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of COE as an additional diagnostic criterion for malignant melanoma and to evaluate its relationship to clinicopathological findings.Methodes: The age, gender, localization of the lesion and the histopathological parameters such as tumor type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, and Clark’s level were recoeded in 90 malignant melanoma cases.Results: In contrast to other studies, we found that COE was more common in tumors with an acral localization and in the acral lentiginous melanoma.Conclusion: Although COE can be used as a pathological criterion in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, but no correlation no of COE with ulceration and other prognostic factors were found.

The study of books as one of the most important examples of Cultural taste of citizens is one of the important issues and major concerns of developing countries to the extent that the importance of reading books is one of the fundamental components in development in the general sense and one of the tools of economic development. therefore,The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between "Cultural capital and Cultural taste of Tehran citizens in the field of Consumption or reading books. " The research method is analytical-descriptive and the research data has been collected in a survey (questionnaire). The statistical population is citizens over 15 years old in Tehran. The sampling method was cluster random in five areas (north, south, west, east and center) and the sample size was selected using Morgan sample size table of 400 people. The validity of the formal research tool and the reliability using Cronbach's alpha (total) was 0. 885. The results show Pearson correlation coefficient,Among the independent variables of individual education (0. 401), Cultural and artistic activities (0. 538), interest in reading books (0. 602), music Consumption (0. 595) and film and serial Consumption (0. 410) and the dependent variable, ie Cultural taste of book Consumption, there is a positive and significant relationship. The results of one-way analysis of variance test also indicate a significant difference in the Cultural taste of book Consumption in proportion to the Cultural capital of individuals. In other words,The more Cultural capital people have, the more and different their Cultural tastes will be in different types of books (generalities, society, religion, philosophy and psychology, history and geography, art, entertainment and sports, literature, technology, science, language).

In sociological analysis, Consumer activities are the source of modern identity structure and reference to values and attitudes. Accordingly, The concept of "Cultural Consumption" is a powerful tool for analyzing patterns and defining the boundaries of similarity and differentiation between different social groups. This paper tries to provide a comprehensive operational definition for the concept of Cultural Consumption and identifies the dominant patterns of Consumption of the younger generation. This study was performed using a survey method and completed 531 questionnaires from youth (15 to 30 years). In this study, Cultural Consumption patterns were measured in two parts: Consumption of products produced in the Cultural system and participation in activities defined in the Cultural system. The results of the study showed that the Consumption of modern Cultural products is the dominant pattern of youth Consumption. The Consumption of written Cultural products and participation in Cultural entertainment activities complement the dominant pattern of youth Consumption culture. The results of the research also highlight the need to avoid reducing the pattern of youth Consumption to a particular species, in other words, the necessity of the typology of patterns of Consumption. Based on the typology, three ideal types (pattern) were identified for the Cultural Consumption of the younger generation.

Introduction: The most important effective indices on Cultural Capital forming is the possibility of having access to Media. Present article is investigating relationship between Cultural Capital and Media Consumption with using Knowledge Gap theory.Method: The present study conducted among 188 students with using Survey method.Findings: There is a relationship between the media Consumption with three variables (press, electronic and digital) and Cultural capital (subjective, objective and institutional). There is a positive correlation between all aspects of media with mental and institutional dimensions of Cultural capital, but there is a negative relationship between press media with Cultural capital.Discussion: Inequality of media Consumption leads to inequality in information among people and inequality in Cultural Consumption among them.

This paper review the factors related to patterns of Cultural Consumption among 532 Women while consideration of structure of women’ taste in Qom province, by Katz-Gerro & Sullivan’ voraciousness approach. Results showed that in terms of components of Consumption pattern (in that, diversity and frequency), women in Qom province can be categorized in two group. In terms of diversity of Cultural activity, women of this province are univorous and participate in low-brow culture in that in 1 to 3 Cultural activities. In terms of diversity of Cultural frequency, women of this province are ostravorous and frequency of their Cultural activity is zero. In addition, the most important determinants of both diversity and frequency of women’ Cultural activity in this province were economic capital, human capital, age, marital situation and employment situation. Results implied that most women in Qom province didn’t arrived to degree of middle-brow consumer (popular) and higher stage, voracious consumer, and pattern of their Cultural Consumption is limited to ostravorous and univorous, in that low-brow culture.

The modern city cannot be conceived without its productive role and the postmodern city without considering its Consumption role. Consumption is at the ideological core of the contemporary city, and one can thus say that the contemporary city is experiencing a transformation that is comparable in scale to the industrial revolution. Nowadays, Consumption is the main tool and force of economic and social change and an essential element in the construction of urban spaces; it also plays a vital role in shaping the identity and lifestyle of individuals. In the postmodern city not only goods and services but also public and semi-public spaces are consumed, and the Consumption role has become so pervasive in all aspects of the city that it has become an integral part of postmodern urban life. As such, one of the new and noteworthy features of the postmodern city is the Consumption of urban spaces and places and the key role of design in this process, the examples of which are clearly visible in the Iranian city. A glance at the contemporary Iranian city shows its move to integrate with the global consumer economy and society and its capitalist system. However, the application of Consumption theories in Iranian society with regard to the particular Iranian-Islamic Cultural context must be exercised with caution because Cultural values play an important role in Consumption patterns. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine the characteristics of the Cultural Consumption of the city and to explain the components and dimensions of the Western and Iranian consumer city in the postmodern world. In this study a realistic approach and comparative study method is used to explain the consumer city in western culture and compare it with Islamic culture. To achieve the Cultural study components of the postmodern city (comparing criteria), Lefebvre’ s three-dimensional analysis of the production of space was used as the primary model (Lefebvre described perceived, conceived, and lived space as three dimensions of Social space which has dialectical interrelationships). Then, Cultural Consumption study framework of the postmodern city was extracted from the above model. Based on the above framework, the study of Cultural Consumption in the western city is conducted and then finally based on the credit theory of Allameh Tabataba’ i (the late Allameh, unlike many others, credits a part of culture to the non-human, fixed and other parts of nature, which, depending on the temporal and spatial necessities of existence, are considered to be variable. In other words, part of culture is considered human and universal, and parts of it are deemed social, historical or temporal). The above components have been explained in Islamic culture. The results of the study show that the Consumption-oriented Western life is based on self-interest and encouragement to consume more (in order to preserve the survival of the capitalist system), while in Islamic culture and teachings the collective interest takes precedence over the individual. Therefore, since the culture and the city support one another, the Islamic city will need its own urban space for community excellence.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social capital and Consumption of Cultural goods. The statistical population includes all students of West Tehran University in 1399, of which 380 students were selected randomly as a statistical sample using Cochran. This research was conducted using a survey method using a researcher-made questionnaire technique. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social capital and Consumption of Cultural goods. Findings show that the result is that there is a significant relationship between the variables of socio-economic class, social trust, social participation, social interaction, membership in social groups and finally social capital of students with their Cultural Consumption. Findings show that the result is that there is a significant relationship between the variables of socio-economic class, social trust, social participation, social interaction, membership in social groups and finally social capital of students with their Cultural Consumption.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the value system of individuals in the Consumption of Cultural goods in Kermanshah during 2020. The research method was of the survey type and data collection was based on a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included people aged 20 years and older in Kermanshah. The sample size is 350 people who have been selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Findings have shown that the amount of Cultural Consumption in Kermanshah has been moderate and the respondents single, educated and living in moderate neigh-borhoods have more Cultural Consumption. The average score of the economic and so-cial value system of the respondents was higher than the average score of their political and religious value system. The average score of economic value system and Cultural Consumption was higher among women, single people, middle-class neighborhoods and younger ages, and in lower neighborhoods, married people and older people, higher so-cial values and lower Cultural Consumption. The level of Cultural Consumption of people with higher political and economic value system scores was higher. But the rate of cul-tural Consumption was lower among people whose social and religious value system scores were higher. Among the contextual variables, education was the most important factor affecting the type of value system and consequently the type and amount of cul-tural Consumption of individuals. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the value system of individuals has a role in their Cultural Consumption.

The present study investigated the relationship between the Consumption of Cultural goods and social behaviors and was carried out in the city of Isfahan. The study was a correlation study. The research population consisted of all the residents of Isfahan between the age of 15 to 70 of which, using quota sampling technique, 400 persons were selected as the sample. The research questionnaire consisted of two parts – part one measured the Consumption of Cultural goods with six questions which were related to usage of radio, television, the internet, written media, the mobile (or cell) phone. Part two of the questionnaire included 38 questions that measured social behaviors which consisted of the preservation of the environment, abiding by law, human relations, and the preservation of Cultural heritage. The questionnaire had face validity, and its reliability was measured via Cronbach’s alpha, which was 0.85 for Consumption of Cultural goods, and 0.82 for social behavior. Research findings indicated that there was a positive correlation between human relations and listening to radio (r=0.12). There were no significant relationships between the use of television and any components of social behavior, Also, the correlation between internet usage and the preservation of Cultural heritage were significant (r=0.22). Reading of the printed media was significantly related to human relations (r=0.15), abiding by law (r=0.24), preservation of the environment (r=0.15), and the preservation of Cultural heritage (r=0.19). The use of the cell phone was also significantly related to the preservation of Cultural heritage (r=0.20). There was also a positive relation between social behaviors (r=0.15), human relations (r=0.23)), the preservation of the environment (r=0.11) and the level of participation in socio-religious activities.